How did the focus of the First New Deal differ from the Second New Deal?

The First New Deal primarily concentrated on providing immediate relief and initiating economic recovery in response to the Great Depression. This aspect was essential as the country faced unprecedented unemployment and economic hardship, necessitating swift action to stabilize the economy and assist those suffering from poverty. Programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Public Works Administration (PWA) exemplified these efforts to alleviate distress and stimulate job creation.

The Second New Deal, in contrast, pivoted towards a more substantial emphasis on reform. Recognizing the limitations and temporary nature of first-response measures, Roosevelt's Second New Deal introduced more permanent reforms aimed at restructuring the economy and addressing systemic issues. Initiatives like the Social Security Act and the National Labor Relations Act focused on protecting labor rights and providing a safety net for the elderly and unemployed, showcasing a long-term strategy to prevent future economic collapses.

By differentiating these focuses, the distinction between relief and reform becomes a key understanding of how the New Deal programs evolved over time to better address the changing conditions and needs of American society during the Great Depression.